Corporate Criminal Liability for Environmental Harm after the New Indonesian Criminal Code: Harmonizing Attribution, Organizational Fault, and Sanctions
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Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP pada 2 Januari 2026 menempatkan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dalam kerangka umum hukum pidana nasional di samping ketentuan sektoral yang telah ada. Artikel ini menganalisis hubungan antara ketentuan korporasi dalam KUHP, UU Penyesuaian Pidana, Pasal 116-119 UU PPLH, dan PERMA No. 13 Tahun 2016. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis untuk membedakan atribusi perbuatan, kesalahan organisasi, tanggung jawab individu, hubungan izin administratif dengan unsur pidana, serta kalibrasi sanksi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kebutuhan membaca UU PPLH sebagai aturan sektoral bersama kerangka umum KUHP tanpa mengubah setiap pelanggaran pegawai menjadi kesalahan korporasi. Artikel menawarkan model tiga tahap: conduct attribution, organizational fault, dan sanction calibration. Model ini merupakan kerangka reasoning yang tetap mensyaratkan pembuktian unsur delik. Pemulihan, denda, perampasan keuntungan, reformasi kepatuhan, dan pembatasan kegiatan harus diterapkan sesuai dasar serta kompetensi masing-masing rezim dan prinsip proporsionalitas.
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Referensi
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