Legal Certainty on the Transparency of Paid Product Rankings on Marketplace Platforms from the Perspective of Consumer Protection in Indonesia
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Abstract
This article examines transparency of paid product rankings on marketplace platforms through legal certainty, consumer decision-making, ranking transparency, and the boundary between commercial disclosure and protection of platform trade secrets. It uses normative legal research and a structured analysis of applicable legal materials, supported by comparative and interdisciplinary scholarship where relevant. The revised analysis distinguishes legal design from empirical claims and identifies the principal regulatory or institutional gap. The study finds that existing law provides important but fragmented safeguards and that legal certainty depends on clearer decision criteria, procedural accountability, and proportionate remedies. It proposes an operational framework that specifies legal thresholds, institutional responsibilities, safeguards, and review mechanisms. The article contributes a more explicit research gap, a reproducible doctrinal method, and a policy model calibrated to legality, proportionality, accountability, and rights protection.
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Primary Legal Materials
European Union. Regulation (EU) 2019/1150 on Promoting Fairness and Transparency for Business Users of Online Intermediation Services.
European Union. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act).
Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 19 Tahun 2026 tentang Penyelenggaraan Usaha Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik.
Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, as last amended by Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi.