Legal Pluralism in the Era of Deregulation: Reconstructing the Regulatory Framework of Customary Forest Recognition
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Penelitian ini menganalisis ketegangan antara pluralisme hukum dan agenda deregulasi dalam kerangka pengakuan hutan adat di Indonesia, dengan berfokus pada persoalan bahwa hak konstitusional masyarakat hukum adat masih bergantung pada prosedur administratif yang berlapis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, dengan mengkaji Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan, regulasi pasca-Cipta Kerja, serta Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 35/PUU-X/2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya ketidakseimbangan regulasi: rezim deregulasi mempercepat dan menyederhanakan akses berusaha, sementara pengakuan hutan adat masih dibebani berbagai prasyarat pengakuan masyarakat hukum adat, termasuk kebutuhan akan instrumen hukum daerah dalam konfigurasi tertentu. Ketergantungan tersebut mengubah pengakuan yang seharusnya bersifat deklaratif menjadi suatu proses yang menyerupai pemberian hak secara konstitutif oleh negara. Artikel ini menawarkan rekonstruksi melalui model pengakuan deklaratif berbasis registrasi-verifikasi, keputusan administratif yang terikat batas waktu, perlindungan sementara terhadap wilayah yang sedang dalam proses verifikasi, pemetaan partisipatif yang terintegrasi, serta mekanisme keberatan bagi pihak ketiga. Model tersebut menempatkan negara sebagai pihak yang mengonfirmasi hak-hak yang telah ada sebelumnya, bukan sebagai pencipta hak, sehingga kepastian hukum, pluralisme hukum, dan efisiensi administrasi dapat berjalan secara konsisten.
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Referensi
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