Legal Certainty in Qualifying a Mortgage Right Creditor as a Bona Fide Third Party in the Confiscation of Assets Derived from Corruption
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the legal qualification of mortgage creditors as bona fide third parties in the confiscation of assets related to corruption and evaluates the legal certainty of their protection. It employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis focuses on the Mortgage Law, the Anti-Corruption Law, Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2022, the United Nations Convention against Corruption, and the principles of legal certainty, justice, and utility. The study finds that a mortgage creditor may qualify as a third party because the creditor holds an independent registered security right and stands outside the offender's criminal liability. Good faith requires more than a valid Mortgage Certificate; it also depends on a genuine credit transaction, lawful registration, prudent examination of the collateral, reasonable timing and value, and the absence of knowledge or involvement in the offence. Existing law provides a substantive basis for protection but remains procedurally uncertain because Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2022 does not expressly include mortgage creditors among eligible applicants. Legal certainty therefore requires explicit procedural standing, adequate notice, balanced evidentiary burdens, and a clear remedy, such as preserving the mortgage, separating the secured amount from sale proceeds, or paying the verified outstanding debt before the remainder is recovered by the state.
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Arba, H. M., dan Diman Ade Mulada. Hukum Hak Tanggungan: Hak Tanggungan atas Tanah dan Benda-Benda di Atasnya. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2020.
Badriyah, Siti Malikhatun. "Problematika Pembebanan Hak Tanggungan dengan Objek Tanah yang Belum Bersertipikat." Masalah-Masalah Hukum 45, no. 3 (2016): 173-180. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.45.3.2016.173-180.
Dalimunthe, Juangga Saputra. "Penegakan Hukum Pidana Pengembalian Kerugian Keuangan Negara Melalui Perampasan Aset Hasil Tindak Pidana Korupsi yang Dikuasai Pihak Ketiga." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains 1, no. 2 (2020): 64-81. https://doi.org/10.59141/jiss.v1i02.15.
Daniawijaya, Sounda, dan Budi Ispriyarso. "Tanggung Jawab Kreditor dan PPAT dalam Pelaksanaan Pendaftaran Hak Tanggungan Secara Elektronik." Notarius 17, no. 1 (2024): 565-577. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v17i1.44883.
Erna, dan Edith Ratna M.S. "Kealpaan Pembuatan Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan Berdasarkan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan." Notarius 15, no. 2 (2022): 992-1001. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v15i2.37680.
Evander. "Keberatan Pihak Ketiga yang Beritikad Baik terhadap Perampasan Aset dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi." Jurist-Diction 7, no. 1 (2024): 21-38. https://doi.org/10.20473/jd.v7i1.54674.
Hirsanuddin, dan Sudiarto. "Perlindungan Hukum bagi Para Pihak (Kreditur dan Debitur) melalui Parate Executie Obyek Hak Tanggungan." Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan 9, no. 1 (2021): 253-267. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v9i1.890.
Larasati, Fadhila Restyana, dan Mochammad Bakri. "Implementasi Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2016 pada Putusan Hakim dalam Pemberian Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pembeli Beritikad Baik." Jurnal Konstitusi 15, no. 4 (2018): 881-902. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk15410.
Mahendra, Rifki Khrisna, dan Bambang Eko Turisno. "Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan Elektronik." Notarius 17, no. 2 (2024): 1179-1198. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v17i2.45258.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Edisi revisi, cetakan ke-15. Jakarta: Kencana, 2021.
Ndaomanu, Melkianus. "Claims for the Rights of Third Parties in Good Faith Against Confiscation of Goods in Corruption Criminal Decisions." Unnes Law Journal 9, no. 2 (2023): 357-376. https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v9i2.75565.
Paramita, Arina Ratna, dan Djumadi Purwoatmodjo. "Analisis Legalitas Akta Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) yang Dibuat di Hadapan Notaris dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Perlindungan bagi Kreditor." Notarius 15, no. 2 (2022): 803-817. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v15i2.42672.
Putro, Edoardo Biyakto, dan Siti Malikhatun Badriyah. "Perlindungan Hukum Kreditur Separatis Pemegang Hak Tanggungan dalam Perkara Kepailitan." Notarius 17, no. 3 (2024): 2207-2222. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v17i3.44840.
Putro, Widodo Dwi, dan Ahmad Zuhairi. "Menimbang Prinsip Duty of Care: 'Pembeli' Melawan 'Pembeli' dalam Sengketa Jual Beli Tanah." Jurnal Yudisial 10, no. 1 (2017): 99-114. https://doi.org/10.29123/jy.v10i1.133.
Putro, Widodo Dwi, Ahmad Zuhairi, Syukron Salam, dan Elizabeth Lestari T. Lubis. Penjelasan Hukum: Pembeli Beritikad Baik-Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pembeli Beritikad Baik dalam Sengketa Perdata Berobyek Tanah. Jakarta: LeIP, 2016.
Rachmayanti, Pradesti Elva, dan Ngadino. "Peran dan Tanggung Jawab PPAT dalam Penerbitan Sertifikat Hak Tanggungan Elektronik." Notarius 15, no. 1 (2022): 230-240. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v15i1.46037.
Sakti, Galih Kurnia, dan Ana Silviana. "Perlindungan Hukum Pihak Ketiga dari Asas Droit de Suite dalam Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan." Notarius 17, no. 1 (2024): 189-202. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v17i1.46950.
Supardi. Perampasan Harta Hasil Korupsi: Perspektif Hukum Pidana yang Berkeadilan. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group, 2018.
Suwandi, Dimas Nur Arif Putra. "Perlindungan Hukum bagi Bank Pemegang Hak Tanggungan Peringkat Kedua dalam Eksekusi Objek Hak Tanggungan." Media Iuris 1, no. 3 (2018): 420-438. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v1i3.10183.
Wahyuono, Bambang, dan Wahyu Tris Haryadi. "Kepastian Hukum bagi Kreditur Pemegang Hak Tanggungan atas Jaminan Hak Guna Bangunan yang Sudah Berakhir Jangka Waktunya." Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan 12, no. 2 (2023): 14-31. https://doi.org/10.55499/judiciary.v12i2.177.
Wahyudi, Sugeng. "Penal Policy on Assets Recovery on Corruption Cases in Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 4, no. 1 (2019): 45-72. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v4i01.28224.
Wibowo, Widyanti. "Perlindungan Hukum Pihak Ketiga yang Beritikad Baik dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang." Jurist-Diction 2, no. 5 (2019): 1871-1886. https://doi.org/10.20473/jd.v2i5.15248.