The Effectiveness of PERMA No. 1 of 2016 in Surabaya Religious Court Mediation, 2023–2025: A Legal-System Analysis
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Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (PERMA) Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan melalui fluktuasi keberhasilan mediasi seluruh jenis perkara di Pengadilan Agama Surabaya tahun 2023–2025. Rumusan masalahnya adalah bagaimana fluktuasi keberhasilan mediasi tersebut dan bagaimana efektivitas PERMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 dibaca melalui teori sistem hukum Lawrence M. Friedman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, menggunakan Laporan Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Pengadilan Agama Surabaya sebagai bahan hukum sekunder yang dianalisis secara kualitatif-preskriptif. Hasilnya menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan mediasi bergerak dari 45,10% (2023) ke 93,16% (2024), lalu turun menjadi 71,55% (2025), sementara cakupan mediasi hanya 8,70–9,45% dari perkara yang diputus. Dari sisi substansi, PERMA belum menetapkan definisi operasional dan indikator keberhasilan yang baku. Dari sisi struktur, terdapat kekurangan hakim, keterbatasan anggaran mediator, dan pelaporan yang tidak seragam. Dari sisi budaya hukum, orientasi pada capaian angka dan penghargaan berpotensi menggeser makna perdamaian substantif. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan standardisasi indikator keberhasilan mediasi yang memisahkan perdamaian penuh, kesepakatan sebagian, dan pencabutan perkara.
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