Reconstructing Digital-Forensic Authentication of Electronic Evidence in AI-Era Criminal Proceedings
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Perkembangan artificial intelligence (AI) meningkatkan risiko manipulasi bukti elektronik, sementara Pasal 235 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang KUHAP belum mengatur secara terperinci mekanisme teknis autentikasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kecukupan pengaturan autentikasi alat bukti elektronik dan merekonstruksi mekanisme yang menjamin reliabilitas pembuktian pidana di era AI. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan. Bahan hukum dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif-preskriptif. Pengaturan autentikasi belum memadai karena kewenangan hakim tidak diimbangi standar pemeriksaan teknis, dukungan ahli digital forensik, dan infrastruktur verifikasi yang terintegrasi. Penelitian menawarkan model forensically supported judicial authentication melalui Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (PERMA) dan Electronic Evidence Authentication System (EEAS). Model ini mengintegrasikan preservasi bukti, verifikasi hash, pemeriksaan metadata dan provenance, deteksi manipulasi AI, verifikasi ahli, serta penilaian yudisial. Reliabilitas pembuktian membutuhkan integrasi norma hukum, kompetensi teknis, dan dukungan kelembagaan. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada rekonstruksi autentikasi berlapis yang menghubungkan kewenangan hakim dengan verifikasi digital forensik terstandar tanpa mengalihkan kewenangan pengambilan keputusan dari hakim.
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