Reconstructing a Progressive-Law-Based Model for Land-Dispute Resolution in Indonesia
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Penyelesaian sengketa tanah di Indonesia masih sangat dipengaruhi oleh penalaran positivistik dan formal yang menempatkan legalitas administratif serta prosedur peradilan sebagai pusat pengambilan keputusan. Artikel ini mengkaji keterbatasan pendekatan tersebut dalam mewujudkan keadilan substantif, khususnya pada sengketa yang melibatkan penguasaan historis, ketimpangan posisi tawar, sertifikat tanah yang tumpang tindih, serta konflik agraria antara masyarakat, korporasi, dan negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, dengan penggunaan referensi yudisial secara terbatas. Hukum progresif digunakan sebagai kerangka interpretatif yang tidak menolak kepastian hukum, tetapi menuntut agar kepastian dibaca bersama keadilan sosial, martabat manusia, dan nilai hukum yang hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa tanah perlu direkonstruksi melalui administrasi pertanahan yang preventif dan partisipatif, mediasi substantif, penalaran yudisial progresif, serta penguatan integrasi kelembagaan dan data. Validasi administratif harus disertai verifikasi sosial, sedangkan pengadilan dan mediator perlu menilai asal-usul penguasaan, itikad baik, ketimpangan kekuasaan, cacat prosedural, dan dampak sosial putusan. Model ini ditujukan untuk menghasilkan penyelesaian yang sah secara hukum sekaligus bermakna secara sosial dan responsif terhadap keadilan.
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