Juridical Analysis of Civil Liability of Livestock Business Actors for Environmental Pollution
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Penelitian ini menganalisis konstruksi tanggung jawab perdata pelaku usaha peternakan atas pencemaran lingkungan hidup dalam hubungan antara Pasal 1365 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata dan rezim khusus Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana telah diubah melalui rezim Cipta Kerja. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus terbatas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanggungjawaban usaha peternakan tidak dapat ditentukan hanya berdasarkan jenis usahanya. Pasal 1365 KUH Perdata tetap relevan untuk pencemaran yang menuntut pembuktian perbuatan melawan hukum, kesalahan, kerugian, dan hubungan kausal, sedangkan Pasal 87 UUPPLH memperkuat kewajiban ganti rugi dan tindakan pemulihan. Pasal 88 mempertahankan konsep tanggung jawab mutlak, namun perubahan rumusan pasca-Cipta Kerja menimbulkan perdebatan mengenai standar pembuktian. Limbah organik peternakan pada umumnya tidak otomatis termasuk limbah B3, sehingga penerapan Pasal 88 harus didasarkan pada karakter kegiatan, penggunaan atau pengelolaan B3, atau terbuktinya ancaman serius terhadap lingkungan hidup. Penelitian merekomendasikan pendekatan berbasis risiko, bukti ilmiah, dan prinsip pencemar membayar agar kepastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha sejalan dengan perlindungan masyarakat dan pemulihan lingkungan.
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