Allocation of Liability for Cargo Damage during Carriage by Sea Using Shipper-Owned Containers
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Pengangkutan barang melalui laut memiliki peranan penting dalam menunjang perdagangan dan perekonomian, khususnya di Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan. Dalam praktik pengangkutan laut modern, penggunaan Shipper-Owned Container (SOC) menimbulkan persoalan hukum terkait pembagian tanggung jawab atas kerusakan muatan karena kontainer dimiliki oleh pengirim, sedangkan pengangkutan dilaksanakan oleh pengangkut. Permasalahan tersebut semakin kompleks karena SOC belum diatur secara khusus dalam hukum positif Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan hukum SOC dalam pengangkutan barang melalui laut serta pembagian tanggung jawab antara pengangkut dan pengirim atas kerusakan muatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual yang dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan SOC menyebabkan pengirim bertanggung jawab atas pemeliharaan dan kelaikan peti kemas, sedangkan pengangkut pada prinsipnya tetap bertanggung jawab atas keselamatan dan keamanan muatan selama proses pengangkutan. Pembagian tanggung jawab ditentukan berdasarkan penyebab kerusakan, kewajiban masing-masing pihak, dan hubungan sebab akibat antara kesalahan dan kerugian. Prinsip yang berlaku adalah presumption of liability, sehingga pengangkut dapat dibebaskan apabila mampu membuktikan bahwa kerugian tidak disebabkan oleh kesalahannya.
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