The Prudential Principle under Indonesian Banking Law: Its Implementation and Credit Compliance at BPR Barelang Mandiri in Batam City
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Abstract
The prudential principle is a central legal foundation of bank lending because it protects asset quality, depositors' funds, and financial-system stability. This study examines the legal framework governing prudential lending by rural banks (Bank Perekonomian Rakyat, BPR) and evaluates its implementation in credit compliance at BPR Barelang Mandiri in Batam City. It employs empirical legal research using statutory and case approaches. Primary data were obtained through interviews with personnel in marketing, risk management, collateral appraisal, and collections; secondary data were drawn from legislation, scholarship, and the bank's public financial report. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively through Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theory. The findings show that the bank translates prudential duties into 5C analysis, document and credit-history verification, functionally separate collateral appraisal, tiered approval, exposure limits, and post-disbursement monitoring. Yet a gross non-performing-loan ratio of 12.85 percent in March 2026 demonstrates a material gap between procedural compliance and the substantive effectiveness of credit-risk control. Stronger assessment of borrower character and capacity, closer monitoring of productive loans, continued inter-unit independence, and more systematic documentation of remedial action are therefore required.
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