Halal Certification as an Instrument of Consumer Protection and MSME Empowerment: An Islamic Economic Law Analysis of Contemporary Regulatory Challenges
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Abstract
This article examines halal certification as an instrument of consumer protection and micro- and small-enterprise empowerment from the perspective of Islamic economic law, focusing on the regulatory architecture that will govern the October 2026 mandatory-halal phase. It employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. Primary legal materials include the Halal Product Assurance Law, the Consumer Protection Law, Government Regulation No. 42 of 2024, and BPJPH regulations verified through 4 October 2026; secondary materials are limited to directly relevant academic literature. The study finds that the certification obligation is phased and differentiated by product category and business scale, while the halal-declaration route provides a specific mechanism for qualifying micro and small enterprises. A halal certificate constitutes legally recognized administrative evidence of halal status, but consumer protection remains dependent on continuing halal-assurance duties, post-certification supervision, and accessible remedies. From a maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah perspective, protection of religion, life, and property must be balanced with maṣlaḥah, justice, and the removal of hardship. The article proposes risk-based supervision, integrated complaint and redress pathways, and legally tiered policy recommendations so that mandatory certification can protect consumers without imposing disproportionate burdens on micro and small enterprises.
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