Reconstructing a Progressive-Law-Based Model for Land-Dispute Resolution in Indonesia
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Abstract
This article reconstructs a progressive-law-based model for land-dispute resolution in Indonesia without displacing statutory authority, evidentiary rules, or judicial review. It uses normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches and codes recurring dispute patterns from selected legal scholarship and official land-dispute regulations. The study clarifies Indonesia’s negative land-registration publication system with positive elements: certificates constitute strong evidence but are not absolutely conclusive, while Article 32 of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 creates a five-year protection mechanism under specified conditions. The article identifies normative gaps in social-history verification, overlapping claims, power asymmetry, inter-agency data integration, and remedy coordination. Progressive law is operationalized through seven stages: intake and authority screening, integrated document and spatial verification, social-history verification, dispute typology, facilitated settlement, reasoned determination or referral, and post-resolution monitoring. Each stage is bounded by legality, evidence, proportionality, reasoned decision-making, and reviewability. The model distinguishes remedies within BPN authority, party agreement, and judicial jurisdiction, and proposes output, outcome, and safeguard indicators for future pilot testing.
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