Corporate Legal Liability for Environmental Pollution Caused by Processed-Food Industry Waste in Indonesia: PT Mayora Indah Tbk as a Documentary Illustration
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Abstract
This article analyzes the architecture of corporate legal liability for environmental pollution caused by processed-food industry waste in Indonesia and uses PT Mayora Indah Tbk only as a documentary illustration, not as an allegation of violation. The study applies normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and limited judicial-reference approaches. It distinguishes administrative, civil, and criminal liability; clarifies the polluter-pays principle and Article 87 civil liability; re-examines strict liability under Article 88 after the Job Creation amendments; and separates corporate attribution from the liability of directors or persons giving orders under Articles 116–119 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law and Supreme Court Regulation Number 13 of 2016. Corporate annual and sustainability disclosures are treated as self-reported evidence whose legal weight is limited unless verified against permits, technical approvals, monitoring data, inspections, PROPER results, or enforcement records. The article proposes a documentary-compliance matrix and an evidence-preservation model for wastewater cases. It concludes that Indonesia has multiple liability channels, but legal comprehensiveness should not be confused with enforcement effectiveness or proof of compliance by any particular company.
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