Normative Gaps in the Protection of Mothers Caring for Children with Autism in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
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Abstract
The Special Region of Yogyakarta has a comparatively developed disability-law framework, yet its protection remains centred on children as rights-holders and does not recognize caregiving mothers as independent legal subjects with enforceable entitlements. This article examines a normative gap in the protection of mothers caring for children with autism: the absence of correlative rights for caregivers even though the law assigns them substantial caregiving duties. It is a normative legal study using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by an illustrative case study in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The materials comprise national and regional regulations, official data, one semi-structured in-depth interview with a caregiving mother, and publicly available parental testimonies used as supplementary documentation. Eva Feder Kittay’s ethics of care is employed as an evaluative lens for the distribution of care burdens, while correlative rights-and-duties analysis is used to test the legal structure. The findings distinguish implementation failure from a normative gap: children’s rights are formally recognized but are not always implemented, whereas caregivers’ independent rights to long-term support have not been formulated. The interview and media documentation illustrate economic dependency, labour-market exit, therapy costs, and the factual absorption of service gaps by families. The article recommends explicit recognition of caregivers in disability law, minimum support entitlements, gender-neutral caregiving leave, workplace flexibility, and coordination with social-security and child-protection regimes.
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