Legal Analysis of the Surakarta City Government's Tourism Policy in Realizing Inclusive Tourism
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Abstract
This study analyses the coherence of Surakarta City’s legal framework for inclusive tourism, with an operational focus on accessibility for persons with disabilities because this dimension is supported by the clearest enforceable legal duties. The research is normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and limited comparative approaches. The principal legal materials include Law Number 10 of 2009 on Tourism, Law Number 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities, Surakarta City Regulation Number 13 of 2016, Surakarta City Regulation Number 5 of 2017, Surakarta City Regulation Number 9 of 2020, and Surakarta Mayor Regulations Number 26 and Number 27 of 2024. The analysis shows that Surakarta does not face a complete regulatory vacuum: tourism regulations, disability-rights rules, tourism-area service standards, and general sanctioning mechanisms already exist. The central normative problem is fragmentation and the incomplete integration of accessibility standards with tourism-business obligations, service indicators, supervision, licensing, and cross-agency coordination. Friedman’s legal-system theory is used to assess the normative design of legal substance and legal structure, while legal culture is treated as an empirical research agenda that is not measured by this study. The article recommends harmonising existing instruments, developing measurable accessibility indicators and procedures, and strengthening coordination through a mechanism that does not duplicate the disability institutions already established.
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